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the oaken plough

  • 1 robor

    rōbur ( rōbor, v. Lucr. p. 140 Lachm.; also an older form rōbus, Cato, R. R. 17, 1; Col. 2, 6, 1; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 264 Müll.), ŏris, n. [cf. Sanscr. radh-as, abundance; Gr. rhônnumi for rhôthnumi, to strengthen, rhômê], a very hard kind of oak (cf.:

    quercus, ilex),

    Plin. 16, 6, 8, § 19; 16, 7, 10, § 28; 16, 38, 73, § 186; 16, 40, 76, § 204; 16, 40, 77, § 218.— Hence,
    I.
    Lit.
    1.
    In gen., a very hard kind of tree or wood:

    morsus roboris,

    i. e. of the wild olive, Verg. A. 12, 783 (a little before: foliis oleaster amaris Hic steterat);

    so of the same,

    id. G. 2, 305; cf.:

    solido de robore myrtus,

    id. ib. 2, 64:

    annoso validam robore quercum,

    i. e. of an old and sturdy trunk, id. A. 4, 441; so,

    annoso robore quercus,

    Ov. M. 8, 743:

    antiquo robore quercus,

    with ancient trunk, Verg. G. 3, 332:

    Massyla, i. e. citri,

    Stat. S. 3, 3, 94; also,

    Maurorum,

    id. ib. 4, 2, 39.—
    2.
    Absol., usu., an oak-tree, an oak in gen.:

    fixa est pariter cum robore cervix,

    i. e. was pinned fast to the oak, Ov. M. 3, 92:

    agitata robora pulsant (delphines),

    id. ib. 1, 303.—
    3.
    Oak-wood, oak:

    naves totae factae ex robore,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 13; cf.:

    (sapiens) non est e saxo sculptus aut e robore dolatus,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 31, 101; and with this cf. id. Div. 2, 41, 85. — Poet.:

    illi robur et aes triplex Circa pectus erat,

    Hor. C. 1, 3, 9; cf.:

    o saxis nimirum et robore nati!

    Stat. Th. 4, 340. —
    II.
    Transf.
    A.
    Of things made of oak or of any other hard wood.
    1.
    In gen.:

    Lacedaemonii cottidianis epulis in robore accumbunt,

    i. e. on oaken, hard benches, Cic. Mur. 35, 74.— So of the wooden horse before Troy:

    sacrum,

    Verg. A. 2, 230; of a lance:

    ferro praefixum,

    id. ib. 10, 479; Sil. 2, 244; 267; of a club, Ov. M. 12, 349; Mart. 9, 44, 4 et saep.:

    aratri,

    i. e. the oaken plough, Verg. G. 1, 162; Val. Fl. 7, 555.—
    2.
    In partic., the lower and stronger part of the prison at Rome, built by Servius Tullius, was called Robur (also Tullianum):

    Robus in carcere dicitur is locus, quo praecipitatur maleficorum genus, quod ante arcis robusteis includebatur, Paul. ex Fest. s. v. robum, p. 264 Müll.: in robore et tenebris exspiret,

    Liv. 38, 59 fin.:

    robur et saxum minitari,

    Tac. A. 4, 29; Val. Max. 6, 3, 1:

    verbera, carnifices, robur,

    Lucr. 3, 1017; Hor. C. 2, 13, 19 (v. carcer and Tullianum).—
    B.
    Hardness, strength, firmness, vigor, power (cf. vires; v. Fabri ad Liv. 21, 1, 2).
    1.
    Lit.:

    duri robora ferri,

    Lucr. 2, 449; so,

    ferri,

    Verg. A. 7, 609:

    saxi,

    Lucr. 1, 882:

    navium,

    Liv. 37, 30: omnia pariter crescunt et robora sumunt, gain strength, [p. 1598] Lucr. 5, 820; 895; cf.:

    qui si jam satis aetatis atque roboris haberet, ipse pro Sex. Roscio diceret,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 51, 149:

    paululum jam roboris accessit aetati,

    id. Cael. 30, 73:

    solidaeque suo stant robore vires,

    Verg. A. 2, 639; Vulg. Judic. 8, 21:

    si quod est robur,

    Flor. 2, 1, 1.—
    2.
    Trop., power, strength, force, vigor (very freq.):

    alter virtutis robore firmior quam aetatis,

    Cic. Phil. 10, 8, 16:

    in animi excelsi atque invicti magnitudine ac robore,

    id. Off. 1, 5, 14; so,

    animi (with magnitudo),

    id. de Or. 2, 84, 343; id. Tusc. 1, 40, 95:

    robur incredibile animi,

    id. Mil. 37, 101:

    quantum in cujusque animo roboris est ac nervorum,

    id. Fam. 6, 1, 3:

    multo plus firmamenti ac roboris,

    id. Imp. Pomp. 4, 10; so (with firmamentum) id. Mur. 28, 58; (with firmitas) id. Fin. 5, 5, 12:

    hi tot equites Romani quid roboris hujus petitioni attulerunt?

    id. Planc. 8, 21:

    pectus robore fultum,

    Ov. Tr. 5, 12, 11:

    te mea robora fallunt,

    id. H. 16, 367:

    velocitate pari, robore animi virumque praestanti,

    Liv. 24, 26, 11:

    verba quanti roboris plena,

    Sen. Ep 10, 3:

    qui robur aliquod in stilo fecerint,

    Quint. 10, 3, 10; cf.:

    robur oratorium adicere sententiis,

    id. 10, 5, 4; 8, prooem. §

    3: illi robur et aes triplex Circa pectus erat,

    Hor. C. 1, 3, 9; cf.:

    O saxis nimirum et robore nati,

    Stat. Th. 4, 340. —
    b.
    Authority: nostrarum constitutionum, Just. Inst. prooem. 6.—
    c.
    Concr., the strongest, most effective, or best part, the pith, kernel, strength of any thing; of soldiers, the flower of the troops, choice troops, etc. (freq. and class.):

    versaris in optimorum civium vel flore vel robore,

    Cic. Or. 10, 34: et robur et suboles militum interiit, Asin. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 33; cf.:

    quod fuit roboris, duobus proeliis interiit,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 87:

    quod roboris ea provincia habuerat,

    Liv. 30, 2; Ov. M. 14, 454 al.:

    senatūs robur,

    Liv. 5, 39. — Plur.:

    tunc C. Flavius Pusio, Cn. Titinnius, C. Maecenas, illa robora populi Romani,

    Cic. Clu. 56, 163:

    haec sunt nostra robora,

    id. Att. 6, 5, 3; Liv. 7, 7; 12; 21, 54; 22, 6; 23, 16; 25, 6 init.:

    robora pubis,

    Verg. A. 8, 518; Ov. M. 7, 510:

    ingentia robora virorum,

    Plin. Pan. 34, 3:

    conferta robora virorum,

    Curt. 3, 5, 13: betae, i. e. stalks, Col. poët. 10, 326. — Of a place, a stronghold:

    quod coloniam virium et opum validam robur ac sedem bello legisset,

    Tac. H. 2, 19.— Absol.: robus, the name of an excellent kind of wheat:

    quoniam et pondere et nitore praestat,

    Col. 2, 6, 1.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > robor

  • 2 robur

    rōbur ( rōbor, v. Lucr. p. 140 Lachm.; also an older form rōbus, Cato, R. R. 17, 1; Col. 2, 6, 1; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 264 Müll.), ŏris, n. [cf. Sanscr. radh-as, abundance; Gr. rhônnumi for rhôthnumi, to strengthen, rhômê], a very hard kind of oak (cf.:

    quercus, ilex),

    Plin. 16, 6, 8, § 19; 16, 7, 10, § 28; 16, 38, 73, § 186; 16, 40, 76, § 204; 16, 40, 77, § 218.— Hence,
    I.
    Lit.
    1.
    In gen., a very hard kind of tree or wood:

    morsus roboris,

    i. e. of the wild olive, Verg. A. 12, 783 (a little before: foliis oleaster amaris Hic steterat);

    so of the same,

    id. G. 2, 305; cf.:

    solido de robore myrtus,

    id. ib. 2, 64:

    annoso validam robore quercum,

    i. e. of an old and sturdy trunk, id. A. 4, 441; so,

    annoso robore quercus,

    Ov. M. 8, 743:

    antiquo robore quercus,

    with ancient trunk, Verg. G. 3, 332:

    Massyla, i. e. citri,

    Stat. S. 3, 3, 94; also,

    Maurorum,

    id. ib. 4, 2, 39.—
    2.
    Absol., usu., an oak-tree, an oak in gen.:

    fixa est pariter cum robore cervix,

    i. e. was pinned fast to the oak, Ov. M. 3, 92:

    agitata robora pulsant (delphines),

    id. ib. 1, 303.—
    3.
    Oak-wood, oak:

    naves totae factae ex robore,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 13; cf.:

    (sapiens) non est e saxo sculptus aut e robore dolatus,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 31, 101; and with this cf. id. Div. 2, 41, 85. — Poet.:

    illi robur et aes triplex Circa pectus erat,

    Hor. C. 1, 3, 9; cf.:

    o saxis nimirum et robore nati!

    Stat. Th. 4, 340. —
    II.
    Transf.
    A.
    Of things made of oak or of any other hard wood.
    1.
    In gen.:

    Lacedaemonii cottidianis epulis in robore accumbunt,

    i. e. on oaken, hard benches, Cic. Mur. 35, 74.— So of the wooden horse before Troy:

    sacrum,

    Verg. A. 2, 230; of a lance:

    ferro praefixum,

    id. ib. 10, 479; Sil. 2, 244; 267; of a club, Ov. M. 12, 349; Mart. 9, 44, 4 et saep.:

    aratri,

    i. e. the oaken plough, Verg. G. 1, 162; Val. Fl. 7, 555.—
    2.
    In partic., the lower and stronger part of the prison at Rome, built by Servius Tullius, was called Robur (also Tullianum):

    Robus in carcere dicitur is locus, quo praecipitatur maleficorum genus, quod ante arcis robusteis includebatur, Paul. ex Fest. s. v. robum, p. 264 Müll.: in robore et tenebris exspiret,

    Liv. 38, 59 fin.:

    robur et saxum minitari,

    Tac. A. 4, 29; Val. Max. 6, 3, 1:

    verbera, carnifices, robur,

    Lucr. 3, 1017; Hor. C. 2, 13, 19 (v. carcer and Tullianum).—
    B.
    Hardness, strength, firmness, vigor, power (cf. vires; v. Fabri ad Liv. 21, 1, 2).
    1.
    Lit.:

    duri robora ferri,

    Lucr. 2, 449; so,

    ferri,

    Verg. A. 7, 609:

    saxi,

    Lucr. 1, 882:

    navium,

    Liv. 37, 30: omnia pariter crescunt et robora sumunt, gain strength, [p. 1598] Lucr. 5, 820; 895; cf.:

    qui si jam satis aetatis atque roboris haberet, ipse pro Sex. Roscio diceret,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 51, 149:

    paululum jam roboris accessit aetati,

    id. Cael. 30, 73:

    solidaeque suo stant robore vires,

    Verg. A. 2, 639; Vulg. Judic. 8, 21:

    si quod est robur,

    Flor. 2, 1, 1.—
    2.
    Trop., power, strength, force, vigor (very freq.):

    alter virtutis robore firmior quam aetatis,

    Cic. Phil. 10, 8, 16:

    in animi excelsi atque invicti magnitudine ac robore,

    id. Off. 1, 5, 14; so,

    animi (with magnitudo),

    id. de Or. 2, 84, 343; id. Tusc. 1, 40, 95:

    robur incredibile animi,

    id. Mil. 37, 101:

    quantum in cujusque animo roboris est ac nervorum,

    id. Fam. 6, 1, 3:

    multo plus firmamenti ac roboris,

    id. Imp. Pomp. 4, 10; so (with firmamentum) id. Mur. 28, 58; (with firmitas) id. Fin. 5, 5, 12:

    hi tot equites Romani quid roboris hujus petitioni attulerunt?

    id. Planc. 8, 21:

    pectus robore fultum,

    Ov. Tr. 5, 12, 11:

    te mea robora fallunt,

    id. H. 16, 367:

    velocitate pari, robore animi virumque praestanti,

    Liv. 24, 26, 11:

    verba quanti roboris plena,

    Sen. Ep 10, 3:

    qui robur aliquod in stilo fecerint,

    Quint. 10, 3, 10; cf.:

    robur oratorium adicere sententiis,

    id. 10, 5, 4; 8, prooem. §

    3: illi robur et aes triplex Circa pectus erat,

    Hor. C. 1, 3, 9; cf.:

    O saxis nimirum et robore nati,

    Stat. Th. 4, 340. —
    b.
    Authority: nostrarum constitutionum, Just. Inst. prooem. 6.—
    c.
    Concr., the strongest, most effective, or best part, the pith, kernel, strength of any thing; of soldiers, the flower of the troops, choice troops, etc. (freq. and class.):

    versaris in optimorum civium vel flore vel robore,

    Cic. Or. 10, 34: et robur et suboles militum interiit, Asin. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 33; cf.:

    quod fuit roboris, duobus proeliis interiit,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 87:

    quod roboris ea provincia habuerat,

    Liv. 30, 2; Ov. M. 14, 454 al.:

    senatūs robur,

    Liv. 5, 39. — Plur.:

    tunc C. Flavius Pusio, Cn. Titinnius, C. Maecenas, illa robora populi Romani,

    Cic. Clu. 56, 163:

    haec sunt nostra robora,

    id. Att. 6, 5, 3; Liv. 7, 7; 12; 21, 54; 22, 6; 23, 16; 25, 6 init.:

    robora pubis,

    Verg. A. 8, 518; Ov. M. 7, 510:

    ingentia robora virorum,

    Plin. Pan. 34, 3:

    conferta robora virorum,

    Curt. 3, 5, 13: betae, i. e. stalks, Col. poët. 10, 326. — Of a place, a stronghold:

    quod coloniam virium et opum validam robur ac sedem bello legisset,

    Tac. H. 2, 19.— Absol.: robus, the name of an excellent kind of wheat:

    quoniam et pondere et nitore praestat,

    Col. 2, 6, 1.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > robur

  • 3 rōbur

        rōbur oris, n    hard-wood, oak-wood, oak: naves totae factae ex robore, Cs.: (sapiens) non est e robore dolatus: Illi robur et aes triplex Circa pectus erat, H.—Very hard wood: morsus Roboris, i. e. of the wild olive, V.: solido de robore myrtus, V.—A tree-trunk: annoso validam robore quercum, i. e. old and sturdy, V.: antiquo robore quercus, with ancient trunk, V.—An oak-tree, oak: fixa est pariter cum robore cervix, i. e. was pinned fast to the oak, O.: agitata robora pulsant (delphines), O.—A piece of oak, structure of hard wood: in robore accumbunt, i. e. on hard benches: sacrum, i. e. the wooden horse, V.: ferro praefixum, i. e. lance, V.: nodosum, i. e. club, O.: aratri, i. e. the oaken plough, V.—A stronghold, dungeon: in robore et tenebris exspiret, L.: Italum, H.—Fig., hardness, physical strength, firmness, vigor, power: aeternaque ferri Robora, V.: navium, L.: satis aetatis atque roboris habere: corporum animorumque, L.: solidaeque suo stant robore vires, V. —Enduring strength, force, vigor: virtutis: animi: pectus robore fultum, O.: neque his (gentibus) tantum virium aut roboris fuit, L.—The best part, pith, kernel, strength, flower, choice: totius Italiae: quod fuit roboris, duobus proeliis interiit, Cs.: senatūs robur, L.: haec sunt nostra robora: lecta robora virorum, L.: robora pubis, V.
    * * *
    oak (tree/timber/trunk/club/post/cell); tough core; resolve/purpose; B:tetnus; strength/firmness/solidity; vigor, robustness; potency, force, effectiveness; military strength/might/power; heart, main strength, strongest element; mainstay/bulwark, source of strength; stronghold, position of strength

    Latin-English dictionary > rōbur

  • 4 crann

    tree, a plough, Irish crann, a tree, lot, Old Irish crann, Welsh and Breton prenn: *qrenn-; cf. Greek $$G kránon, cornel, Latin cornus, Lithuanian kéras, tree stump, Old Prussian kirno, shrub (Bezzenberger). Windisch correlated Latin quernus, oaken, but this form, satisfactory as it is in view of the Welsh, rather stands for quercnus, from quercus, oak.

    Etymological dictionary of the Gaelic language > crann

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